Fudud, bilaash ah, fudud oo awood leh in lagu beddelo inta u dhaxaysa xargaha iyo hexadecimal, waxa laga yaabaa inay galaan isku-xidhka, muuqaal ama muuqaal si loo codeeyo/dejiyo; xitaa waxaad ku samayn kartaa URL-yada fog ama aad geli karto faylashaada, sidoo kale soo dejiso ama la wadaag asxaabtaada si toos ah luqadahooda.
Hexadecimal waa saldhigga 16 nambar. Nambarada 0 ilaa 9 waxaa matalaya xarfaha u dhigma (A ilaa F). Nambarada laga bilaabo 10 ilaa 15 waxaa u taagan laba nambar, sida 1234 ama ABCD. Tirooyinka hexadecimal waxay dhaafeen xadkaan, iyagoo isticmaalaya afar xaraf si ay u matalaan tirooyinka 16 ilaa 255.
Digniin
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Waxa laga yaabaa inaad furto browserka oo aad ku shubto URL-ka cabirka sidan oo kale ah:
Hexadecimal waa hab lagu matalo xogta laba-geesoodka ah ee qaabka bani'aadamku akhrin karo. Waxaa la sameeyay qarnigii 19-aad si loogu ogolaado kombuyuutarrada inay kaydiyaan macluumaad badan.
Waxaad isticmaali kartaa hexadecimal si aad ugu beddesho jajab tobanle iyo qiimayaal binary. Tusaale ahaan, u beddelashada 10011011001010 ee hexadecimal waxay keenaysaa 0x4F. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in qiimaha 4F uu u taagan yahay lambarka binary 100110110010110.
Xagga xisaabta iyo sayniska kombiyuutarka, hexadecimal (sidoo kale saldhigga 16, ama hex) waa hab tirooyin mawqif ah oo leh radix, ama saldhig, 16. Waxay isticmaashaa lix iyo toban calaamadood oo kala duwan, inta badan calaamadaha 0-9 si ay u matalaan qiyamka eber ilaa sagaal. iyo A, B, C, D, E, F (ama beddelka a-f) si ay u matalaan qiyamka toban ilaa shan iyo toban. Tusaale ahaan, tirada hexadecimal 2AF3 waa la siman yahay, jajab tobanle, ilaa (2 × 163) + (10 × 162) + (15 × 161) + (3 × 160) , ama 10,995.
Nambar kasta oo hexadecimal ah wuxuu u taagan yahay afar nambar (bits) (sidoo kale loo yaqaan "nibble"), iyo isticmaalka aasaasiga ah ee tibaaxaha hexadecimal waa matalaad saaxiibtinimo oo bini'aadmi ah oo ah qiimayaasha codeed binary ee xisaabinta iyo elektiroonigga dhijitaalka ah. Tusaale ahaan, qiyamka byte-ku waxa uu u dhexeeyaa 0 ilaa 255 (jajab tobanle) laakiin waxa laga yaabaa in si ku habboon loogu matalo laba lambar oo hexadecimal ah inta u dhaxaysa 00 ilaa FF. Hexadecimal sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu matalo cinwaanada xusuusta kombiyuutarka.
Hex waa soo gaabinta Hexadecimal, kaas oo ku salaysan qaab-dhismeedka -16 oo loo isticmaalo fududaynta sida tilmaamaha kombiyuutarada loo matalayo. Nidaamkan nambarada 16-ka ah waxaa loo sameeyay hab lagu joojinayo nambarka binary-ga ah ee 8-bit ah, sidaas darteed xogta waxaa lagu dhejin karaa kombuyuutarrada si dadaal la'aan ah. Waa la daabici karaa oo lagu qori karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo laba nambar oo hex oo kala duwan leh oo nambar kasta oo hex ah uu muujinayo nibble ama laga yaabee qaab 4-bits ah.
Nidaamka nambarku wuxuu isticmaalaa 16 calaamadood oo ka muuqda kala duwanaansho 0-9 ama AF. 0–9 waxay u taagan yihiin tirooyin ilaa sagaal ah halka AF uu matalo tirada 10-15. Marka la barbar dhigo saddexda nooc ee hababka nambarada, nidaamka tirooyinka hexadecimal waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay kan ugu waxtarka badan.
Nidaamka hexadecimal waa saldhig 16 lambar, halka nidaamka jajab tobanle uu yahay saldhig 10 lambar. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, nidaamka hexadecimal wuxuu isticmaalaa 16 calaamad si uu u matalo tirooyinka, halka nidaamka jajab tobanle uu isticmaalo 10 calaamad. Balaadhintan ayaa sidoo kale u ogolaanaysa xogta sare ee cufnaanta-lambarada hexadecimal waxay matali karaan labanlaab qiimaha tobanlaha.
Tirooyinka hexadecimal waxay ka kooban yihiin 16 lambar halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen 10 tiro jajab tobanle ah. Siday u kala horeeyaan tirooyinkani waxa ay bilaabmaan ka dib F (ama 15 jajab tobanle), halka aanay ku jirin jajab tobanle. Fiiri shaxda hoose si aad u aragto sida ay isu barbar dhigaan!
Marka loo beddelayo hexadecimal tobanle, tallaabada ugu horreysa waa in la qaybiyo lambarka hex 16. Tani waxay ku siin doontaa lambarka saldhigga. Talaabada labaad waa in la qaybiyo nambar kasta oo hex ah 16 oo qor natiijooyinka. Ugu dambeyntii, isku dar dhammaan tirooyinka hadda la xisaabiyay.
Tusaale ahaan, haddii qof uu rabo inuu 9F7A u beddelo jajab tobanle, waxay marka hore u qaybinayaan 9F7A 16 oo u dhiganta 6051. Kadibna waxay u qaybin lahaayeen lambar kasta oo ah 6051 16 taasoo u dhiganta 381. Ugu dambeyntii, waxay isu geyn doonaan 381 + 381 + 381 oo u dhigma. 1144. Sidaa darteed, 9F7A jajab tobanle waxay la mid tahay 1144
U beddelashada jajab tobanle ee hexadecimal waa hab fudud, waxaana lagu samayn karaa xisaabiyaha ama beddelka khadka. Si lambarka loo rogo, u qaybi 16 oo qaado inta soo hadhay. Inta soo hartay waxay markaas u dhigantaa lambar hexadecimal. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad haysato nambarka jajab tobanle ee 234, u qaybi 16 oo qaado inta soo hartay: 234/16 = 14 R 2. Sidaa darteed, tirooyinka hexadecimal, lambarkan waxaa loo qori doonaa "E2".
Waxaa jira qalabyo badan oo laga heli karo onlayn oo kaa caawin kara isu beddelka jajab tobanle iyo nambarada hexadecimal. Intaa waxaa dheer, xisaabiyeyaasha intooda badani waxay leeyihiin hawl ku dhex jirta taas oo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad si fudud u samayso beddelkan. Dhawr gujis oo jiirka ama qasabadaha ah ee kiiboodhka, waxaad awoodi doontaa inaad u bedesho qiime kasta oo jajab tobanle ah una dhigma hexadecimal!
Nidaamka hexadecimal, ama saldhigga-16, waxaa loo qaabeeyey inuu ku dayo qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha la midka ah nidaamka jajab tobanle. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxa loo abuuray si ay noo fududeeyaan arrimmaha annaga oo bini'aadam ah. Lambarka 423 waxa uu leeyahay 16 nambar halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa 10 nambar oo lagu heli karo hab jajab tobanle. Tani waa sababta oo ah hexadecimal waxay isticmaashaa saldhigga 16 calaamad halkii ay ka ahayd 10. F ka dib, amarku wuxuu ku bilaabmaa mar kale 0 iyo wixii la mid ah iyo wixii la mid ah ilaa aan ka gaarno 15 kaas oo lagu tilmaamay F.
Hexadecimal encoding waxay hoos u dhigtaa tirada tirooyinka sideed qodob marka la barbar dhigo nidaamka jajab tobanle. Intaa waxaa dheer, tirooyinka hexadecimal waxay leeyihiin cufnaanta macluumaadka oo labanlaab ka badan tirada jajab tobanle. Haddaba, maxaad ugu dhibaysaa barashada nidaamkan tiro yar ee madadaalo leh? Sababtoo ah waxay kuu fududayn kartaa noloshaada! Markaad la shaqeyneyso nidaamyada dhijitaalka ah ama gudbinta xogta, adeegsiga hex waxay kuu badbaadin doontaa waqti iyo tamar markaad go'aaminayso fariimaha qarsoon ama qulqulka xogta.
Marka ay timaado codaynta binary, Hexadecimal waa ka hufan yahay sababtoo ah waxay hoos u dhigtaa 8 nambar ilaa 2. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hex wuxuu bixiyaa darajo weyn oo cufnaanta macluumaadka iyo saxnaanta sare ee tirooyinka marka loo eego binary. Tani waxay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in Hex uu isticmaalo 16 calaamad halkii uu ka isticmaali lahaa laba kaliya sida binary. Waxtarkan korortay awgeed, Hexadecimal waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa marka codeynta binary ee xisaabinta iyo elektiroonigga dhijitaalka ah iyo sidoo kale codsiyada sayniska kombiyuutarka.
Intaa waxaa dheer, Hexadecimal wuxuu qaadanayaa meel ka yar jajab tobanle. Iyada oo leh laba nambar oo keliya halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen 8 lambar ee binary, tirooyinka Hex waxay u taagan yihiin tirooyin badan si kooban. Tani waxay noqon kartaa mid aad waxtar u leh marka lagu shaqeynayo nidaamyada kombuyuutarka, maadaama ay yar tahay fursada khaladaadka marka la qorayo koodka hex marka la barbar dhigo koodka tobanlaha kuwaas oo leh dhibco badan oo jajab tobanle ah meel kasta!
Nambarka hexadecimal waa lambar isticmaala 16 nambar halkii uu ka isticmaali lahaa 10ka lambar ee aan ku isticmaalno nidaamka jajab tobanle. Nidaamka nambarada waxaa loo yaqaan 'base-16', waxayna naga caawineysaa inaan ku dayanno sifooyinka nidaamka jajab tobanle ee nala yaqaan. Hexadecimal, nambar kastaa wuxuu u taagan yahay awood 16. Tirooyinka 0 ilaa 9 waxay matalaan awoodaha 1 ilaa 10, halka A ilaa F ay matalaan awoodaha 11 ilaa 15.
Si la mid ah jajab tobanle, ka dib marka 16 calaamadood lagu isticmaalo Hexadecimal, siday u kala horreeyaan nambaradu waxay mar kale ku bilaabmayaan eber. Haddaba, hexadecimal 10 wuxuu la mid yahay jajab tobanle 16, hexadecimal 11 wuxuu la mid yahay jajab tobanle 17. Iyo wixi la mid ah!
Habka jajab tobanle wuxuu ka bilaabmaa 10 wuxuuna kor u dhaafaa 15. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in kala duwanaanta qiyamka lagu matali karo tirada jajabku ay tahay 0-9, oo ay ku xigto AF (10-15).
Marka ay timaaddo dejinta Hexadecimal, waxa jira dhawr waxyaalood oo aad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato. Marka hore, sida nidaamka jajab tobanle, nidaamka hexadecimal waxa uu leeyahay 10 calaamadood (0-9) oo ka dhigan tirooyinka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la eego hexadecimal, tirooyinkani waxay leeyihiin qiimayaal laba jibaar ka weyn kuwa dhigooda ah ee nidaamka jajab tobanle. Haddaba, halka lambarka “10” uu ka dhigan yahay calaamadda “A” ee hexadecimal, waxay la mid tahay “10” habka jajab tobanle.
Sidoo kale, ka dib markii aan gaarno 9 ee Hexadecimal (oo ay matalaan "F"), waxaan bilaabaynaa tirinta mar kale 10 ("10"). Habkani waxa uu sii socdaa ilaa aanu ka gaarno 15 ("1F"), markaasaannu dib ugu noqonaynaa 0 oo aanu dib u bilaabaynaa tirinta 16 ("20"). Tani waxay u muuqan kartaa jahawareer marka hore, laakiin haddii la sameeyo wax yar, waxay noqon doontaa dabeecad labaad!
Waxaan ka isticmaalnaa adeegga dibadda All Origins inaad si toos ah ugu shubto URL kaaga dibadeed, ma jiraan wax xog ah oo lagu kaydiyay dhinaceena iyo macmiilkaaga.
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